Article
作者： 方鲲鹏
美国法医解剖学家供不应求
（本节主要参考资料：【1】美国公共电视网（PBS）2011年2月1日播放的纪录片“验尸（Post Mortem）” 【2】《加州观察》（California Watch）记者Ryan Gabrielson撰写的文章“Second Chances Underscore Flaws In Death Investigations”，网址：http://californiawatch.org/postmortem ）
进入本世纪后，美国就业荣景不再，特别是近几年受金融海啸影响，失业率居高不下。但是如果不怕与死人打交道，可以改行做“法医解剖学家”，准保饭碗无忧。
所谓法医解剖学家，其工作是给死人体检，找出死亡原因。
如果是给活人体检看病，这方面的职业资格，美国政府把关很严。许多中国人在国内名牌医科大学毕业，做医生多年了，但来美后也不能行医，必须通过一系列资格考试，才能获得医生执照。
但是给死人做体检诊断，那就是另外一回事了。不需要执照，没有规范，没有就业标准。当然，学识高超、经验丰富的法医解剖专家，是经过严格的专业训练，也受到人们的尊重。可是这个行业由于完全没有监管，放任自流，使滥竽充数者有可乘之机，他们在速成“大学”镀一下金，从这些文凭、证书工厂买几张金光闪闪的文凭、证书贴在墙上，就可以开业了。如果善于公关，同当地警局保持良好关系，生意就源源而来。法医解剖学家可以是单干个体户，但是如果能用公司或集团的名义，则可增加权威感，所以法医解剖学家们常常受雇于某一个公司，由公司向他们分配死人。
反正死人不会喊痛，不会指责把他们当小白鼠做实验，所以学这行当事半功倍，可以边干边学、活学活用、急用先学、立竿见影。而且无论怎样操刀，都不会有医疗事故，不用担心被死人或其家属诉讼巨额赔偿金。此外，法医解剖学家能经常出庭作证捞外快。更妙的是，市场对法医解剖学家需求极为旺盛，供不应求。据行家估计，美国的法医解剖学家，人数至少要在目前基础上翻一番，才能缓解市场紧缺状况。
美国公共电视网（PBS）2011年2月1日播放的纪录片“验尸（Post Mortem）”，报道了一位声名狼藉的“法医解剖专家”。此人做的解剖，错误累累，而且有酗酒后上解剖台、同检察官合谋作假证等等劣迹。每次他因尸检错误丑闻，在当地实在混不下去后，就转到另一个地区，能马上找到新的雇主。这足以显示，法医解剖学家饭碗之牢固，实非同一般。
托马斯·吉尔(Thomas Gill)2012年时68岁，约在50岁开始从事法医解剖。他承认从未受过正规的法医解剖训练，第一次申请这个工作时，靠的是24年前获得的医学专业学位。法医集团有限公司（Forensic Medical Group Inc.）是一个私人拥有的尸检公司，同加州16个县的验尸官办公室签订了合同，承包尸体解剖的活计。1999年时，吉尔在法医集团有限公司当解剖师。那年他解剖的一具女尸，丈夫说是自杀，吉尔的解剖结论是他杀。于是检方以谋杀罪起诉丈夫。这个案子对被告极为不利，因为死者丈夫的证词和法医解剖学家的专业证词相比较，对于陪审团的影响孰轻孰重，不言而喻。被告律师觉得最好的辩护策略，就是追查这个解剖师是否懂他的专业。
一查老底，发现吉尔搬来加州前，在印地安那州做尸检，那里他留下了解剖重大错误的累累记录。而且他还有严重的酗酒问题，同事看到他有一次做完解剖后，烂醉倒在手术台前。他转投加州法医集团有限公司门庭前，因酗酒问题两次被以前的老板开除。他又曾在上班途中，由于醉酒驾车被警察逮捕，并且被法庭宣判酒驾罪名成立。
被告律师将调查结果，通报了检察官。这位检察官没有去核实调查内容，而是与吉尔秘密排练怎样应付被告律师对他这些背景的盘问。在排练中，检察官违法调教吉尔作证时如何撒谎和回避要害问题。
真是隔墙有耳，他们秘密排练策划作假证的事，居然传到了被告律师的耳朵里，而且还有录像为证。检察官被迫急急忙忙将此案的所有控告撤回，然而到了这一步，检察官自己不能全身而退了。美国的检察官、法官、律师，都必须是律师协会的会员。加州律师协会调查后，作出停止该案检察官会员资格4年的处分。没有律师会员资格，就是没有律师执照，就不能担任检察官，这个检察官因此卷铺盖走人。可吉尔不是律师，加州律师协会的家法不能用到他身上，而法医解剖师这个行业，还没有形成行会和行规。作为替代方法，加州律师协会历数了吉尔在加州和以前在外州犯下的种种重大解剖错误后，宣布他不能胜任法医解剖师的工作。
这次事件后，吉尔遭到解雇。这没什么大不了，他很快在密苏里州担任了法医解剖师。就这样，出了事换个地方，转一圈后，吉尔居然在2007年又回到了加州的法医集团有限公司，这实在是因为市场上法医解剖人手太欠缺，能力再差的求职者，也成了个香饽饽。
PBS为制作这一档纪录片，2011年采访了法医集团有限公司的副总裁，问他是否知道，加州律师协会早就宣布过托马斯·吉尔不能胜任法医解剖师的工作，副总裁回答不知道有这个文件。
PBS节目播出后，吉尔再次成为新闻，法医集团有限公司被迫将他再次解雇。而加州索拉诺县的有关部门获悉吉尔是个问题重重的法医解剖师后，从吉尔2007年返回法医集团有限公司之后为这个县做的三百多个尸检中，抽出32个作为样本，另请一位经验丰富、享有良好声誉的知名法医解剖学家审核解剖报告。审核结果是，超过一半的解剖报告有重大错误，而其中的8件（即占四分之一），吉尔分析解释的死亡原因，完全不可接受。
被法医集团有限公司再度炒鱿鱼后，吉尔干脆当起了个体户。我在网上看到他贴出的广告性质简历。可能是年龄偏大了，尸体解剖这种需要体力的工作有点吃不消了，因此吉尔这份简历偏重于招揽“专家出庭作证”的工作。简历有如下语句：
“本人个体户（Self-Employed），法医解剖专家，经验丰富的出庭作证专家，总共出庭作证约500次，过去4年作证了112次。”
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
