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Aizanoi, Latinized as Aezani was an ancient city in western Anatolia. Located in what is now Çavdarhisar, Kütahya Province, its ruins are situated astride the River Penkalas, some 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. The city was an important political and economic centre in Roman times; surviving remains from the period include a well-preserved Temple of Zeus, unusual combined theatre-stadium complex, and macellum inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian. The city fell into decline in Late Antiquity. Later serving as a citadel, in 2012 the site was submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
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Aizanoi, Kütahya şehir merkezine 58 kilometre uzaklıkta, Çavdarhisar ilçesinde bulunan antik bir kenttir. En parlak dönemini ikinci ve üçüncü yüzyılda yaşayan kent, Bizans Döneminde piskoposluk merkezi olmuştur. Kentte Zeus adına inşa edilen Anadolu'nun en iyi korunmuş tapınağı yer alır. Ayrıca büyük bir tiyatro ile buna bitişik stadyum, biri mozaikli olmak üzere iki hamam ve gymnasium, Kocaçay üzerinde iki adedi halen kullanılır durumda olan beş köprü ile antik baraj, borsa binası, sütunlu caddeler, nekropol alanları ve Meter Steune'nin kutsal mağarası bulunmaktadır.
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Temple of Zeus - Zeus Tapınağı
The Temple of Zeus, situated upon a hill, was the city's main sanctuary. Ceramic finds indicate local habitation from the first half of the third millennium BC. According to a recent reading of the architrave inscription, construction of the temple began under Domitian. Inscriptions document imperial assistance from Hadrian relating to the recovery of unpaid rents as well as the euergetism of Marcus Apuleius Eurykles. Later the Çavdar Tatars carved equestrian and battle scenes on the temple. The temple is pseudodipteral, with eight columns at the ends and fifteen along the sides (35 m × 53 m (115 ft × 174 ft)). It was damaged in a 1970 earthquake and has since been restored.
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"Zeus" tapınağı, şehrin ana kutsal alanıdır. Bu tapınağın yapımına M.S. II. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde, İmparator Hadrian döneminde başlanmıştır. Bu tapınağın en önemli özelliği, altında tonozlarla örtülü bir başka mekanın olmasıdır. Bu, Anadolu'da Roma döneminde pek alışılmamış bir uygulamadır ve bir benzerine henüz rastlanmamıştır. Tapınağın önünde bulunan kadın büstü biçimli akroter, tapınağın yalnızca Zeus'a adanmış olmayabileceğini göstermektedir. Son dönem araştırmaları ise bu tapınağın hem Zeus'a hem de Kybele'ye adanmış olamayacağını ortaya koymuştur. Tapınağın güney kısmında, büyük bölümü Bizans döneminde tahrip edilmiş bir odeon bulunmaktadır.
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Theatre-Stadium Complex - Tiyatro-Stadyum Kompleksi
Aizanoi's theatre-stadium are built adjacent to each other and this combined complex is said to be unique in the ancient world. Separating the two is the stage building. Construction began after 160 A.D. and was complete by the mid-third century. Inscriptions again attest to the benefaction of M. Apuleius Eurycles.
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Tapınağın kuzeyinde tiyatro ile stadyum bulunur. Bunların yapımına M.S. II. yüzyılda başlandığı ve bunların çeşitli aralıklarla üçüncü yüzyıla kadar inşa edildiği bilinmektedir. Birbirine bitişik olarak yapılmış tiyatro ve stadyumun bugün için bilinen bir başka benzeri yoktur.
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(Macellum, inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian)
Market
A circular macellum dating to the second half of the second century is located in the south. In the fourth century it was inscribed with a copy of the Price Edict of Diocletian, dating to 301, an attempt to limit inflation resulting from debasement of the coinage.
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Aizanoi'da M.S. II. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, bugün dünyanın en eski borsası olduğu söylenen, olasılıkla bir gıda pazarı (macellum) da vardı. Yuvarlak biçimli bu yapının duvarlarındaki hem Latince hem Grekçe yazıtlar burada satılan malların fiyatlarına ilişkin açıklamalar içermekteydi. Örneğin, 8 numaralı blok yazıtta, 16-40 yaşlarında bir erkek kölenin iki eşeğin ücretine, aynı şekilde üç erkek kölenin bir atın fiyatına eşdeğer olduğu belirtilmiştir.
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Reconstruction of the Temple of Zeus - Zeus Tapınağı'nın İmarı
Penkalas Bridge in 1992 - 1992'de Penkalas Köprüsü
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