Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists. During the Classical Greek era it was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League. The city flourished after it came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC. According to estimates, Ephesus had a population of 33,600 to 56,000 people in the Roman period, making it the third largest city of Roman Asia Minor after Sardis and Alexandria Troas.
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Efes, Anadolu'nun batı kıyısında, bugünkü İzmir ilinin Selçuk ilçesi sınırları içerisinde bulunan, daha sonra önemli bir Roma kenti olan antik bir Yunan kentiydi. Klasik Yunan döneminde İyonya'nın on iki şehrinden biriydi. Kuruluşu Cilalı Taş Devri MÖ 6000 yıllarına dayanır. 1994'te UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi'ne dahil edilen Efes, 2015'te ise Dünya Mirası olarak tescil edildi.
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(This model of the Temple of Artemis, at Miniatürk Park, Istanbul, Turkey, attempts to recreate the probable appearance of the first temple.)
Temple of Artemis - Artemis Tapınağı
The Temple of Artemis or Artemision, also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis. It was located in Ephesus. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, it was completely rebuilt three times before its eventual destruction in 401 AD. Only foundations and sculptural fragments of the latest of the temples at the site remain.
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Dünyanın yedi harikasından biri olan Artemis Tapınağı, antik dünyanın mermerden inşa edilmiş ilk tapınağı olup temelleri MÖ 7. yüzyıla kadar gitmektedir. Tanrıça Artemis'e ithafen Lidya kralı Croesus tarafından yaptırılan yapı, Yunan mimar Chersiphron tarafından tasarlanmış ve dönemin en büyük heykeltıraşları Pheidias, Polycleitus, Kresilas ve Phradmon tarafından yapılmış olan bronz heykellerle süslenmişti.
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(Facade of the Library of Celsus)
Library of Celsus
The Library of Celsus is an ancient Roman building in Ephesus, Anatolia, now part of Selçuk, Turkey. It was built in honour of the Roman Senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus (completed sometime between 117 and 120 AD) by Celsus' son, Gaius Julius Aquila (consul, 110 AD). The library was "one of the most impressive buildings in the Roman Empire" and built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a mausoleum for Celsus, who is buried in a crypt beneath the library in a decorated marble sarcophagus.[1][4] The Library of Celsus was the "third-largest library in the ancient world" behind both Alexandria and Pergamum.
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Roma dönemi yapılarının en güzellerinden birisi olan yapı hem kütüphane, hem de mezar anıtı görevini üstlenmiştir. 106 yılında Efes valisi olan Celsius ölünce, oğlu kütüphaneyi babasının adına mezar anıtı olarak yaptırmıştır. Celsius'un lahdi kütüphanenin batı duvarı altındadır. Cephesi 1970-1980 yılları arasında restore edilmiştir. Kütüphanede kitap ruloları, duvarlardaki nişlerde saklanıyordu.
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(The exterior view of the restored house, now serving as a chapel.)
House of the Virgin Mary - Meryem Ana Evi
The House of the Virgin Mary is a Catholic and Muslim shrine located on Mt. Koressos (Turkish: Bülbüldağı, "Mount Nightingale" in the vicinity of Ephesus, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Selçuk in Turkey.
The house was discovered in the 19th century by following the descriptions in the reported visions of Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774–1824), a Roman Catholic nun and visionary, which were published as a book by Clemens Brentano after her death. The Catholic Church has never pronounced in favour or against the authenticity of the house, but nevertheless maintains a steady flow of pilgrimage since its discovery. Anne Catherine Emmerich was Beatified by Pope John Paul II on October 3, 2004.
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Bülbüldağı'nda İsa'nın annesi Meryem'in son yıllarını St. John ile birlikte geçirdiğine inanılan kilisedir.Hristiyanlar için hac yeridir ve bazı papalar tarafınan da ziyaret edilmiştir. Meryem'in burada ölü mezarının da Bülbüldağı'nda olduğu düşünülmesine karşın Kitab-ı Mukaddes'de anlatıldığı gibi Meryem'in mezarı dönemin selefkosunda bugünün Silifke'sinde olduğu inanılmaktadır.
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(The Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Ephesus, Turkey.)
Seven Sleepers
The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus are legendary people in a story of a group of youths who hide inside a cave outside the city of Ephesus around 250 AD, to escape a persecution. The king forced all his kingdom to worship idols and whoever did not would be killed. These men escaped as their faith in God (their belief varies by regional origin) was strong, and they refused to worship idols. The story is one of the many examples of the legend about a man who falls asleep and years after wakes up to find the world changed.
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Bizans döneminde mezar kilisesi haline getirilmiş olan bu yer, Geç Roma imparatorlarından Decius zamanında putperestlerin zulmünden kaçan yedi Hristiyan gencin Panayır Dağı eteklerinde sığındıkları rivayet edilen mağara olduğuna inanılır. Dünya üzerinde ilgili mağaranın kendi sınırları içinde olduğunu iddia eden 33 kent olmasına karşın Hristiyan kaynaklarının çoğuna göre kent hristiyanlarca kutsal sayılan Efes'tir.
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