Esim - 关于农民工讨薪那点事儿1
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十三岁女童为父亲讨薪跳楼身亡。

为什么孩子和奶奶出现在现场?如何爬上十六楼?孩子怎么会跳下来?这些问题随着时间会慢慢浮出水面。

农民工讨薪问题由来已久,每届政府都说要解决也都在解决其实也都无法解决。什么原因?这其中的道理其实在于根本没道理可讲。

这一行我也混了很多年,小开发也参与过,大项目也承建过,清包也干过,给别人卖手腕子也经历过。对于欠薪这事,说简单也简单,说复杂比造一个原子弹还复杂。

首先呢,对于开发商和承建商来说,是不存在农民工这个合作伙伴的,因为我们面对的都是有资质的建筑施工队伍,从道理和合同约定中,对方都要为此提供手续完备的熟练工人而不是农民工。这一点,是很多农民工欠薪和讨薪难的一个比较重要的原因。

我经历过农民工向我讨薪,我也带着农民工去市政府讨薪。这正反两方面的经验我都有。

农民工向我讨薪,我一句话就把他们整一边去了:“我不冲你说话我也不认识你。”

没错,就这么简单。

和我签劳务合同的是一个机构,我面对的只能是这个机构的法人,我和法人合同中约定的如何结算,是受法律保护的。因为很多合同其实都很明确的约定——正负零给百分之多少,主体封闭给多少,竣工给多少,其余竣工验收后多长时间结清。现在搞开发也好搞施工也好,硬骗的少了,基本就是明侃,或者干脆就是垫资。你拿得出钱压得起你来给我干,干不起玩蛋去。

所以有一些其实并没有实力但是又想接工程的队伍就硬着头皮来了,垫到一定程度就垫不下去了,然后或者拔腿跑了,或者就在人工费上打主意。于是欠薪问题就出现了。很多农民工都是一个村屯出来的,跑单帮的较少。而能带人出来的,通常都是当地村子里的能人或者一霸。你看农民工敢去工地敢去开发公司敢去市政府,还真没几个敢去工头家闹事的。而工头通常也是一句话:“甲方不给我钱我拿什么给你们?要钱找甲方要去。”

于是农民工就赤手空拳的来工地找承建商了。

作为一个承建商,我可以接待农民工,也可以和下边我根本叫不出名字来的各级小包工头对话。可是要钱总要有个凭据吧?通常这个程序都需要对账,认定工程量。可是农民工啥也没有,最多见的就是从裤兜里掏出一个皱巴巴的小本子,上边写着今天出工了昨天出工了后天出工了,然后伸手就要钱,这钱你们会给吗?所以通常这种情况下,承建商都会要求他们把他们上一级的工头叫来,因为有的大项目下边有十几伙民工,给钱也得把签合同有资格拿钱的人叫来吧?要不然这钱没通过人家就分了,到时候人家拿着合同来要账咋整?可是农民工这时候基本就交不出人来,或者是双方有默契的一方出头一方藏匿。为什么?因为通常情况下都算不出钱来了。这是因为大家的算法不同,农民工算法是我干活了你就得给我钱,而施工企业则要看完成的形象进度和工程量,还有就是一些返工造成的材料损耗和质量罚款,把这些加进去,基本不需要给钱还得倒找钱。所以,正主这时候绝对不露面,而任由下边的农民工去找甲方,能要出来多少是多少,要不出来也不关他的事儿了。

很多人总会呼吁保护农民工的合法权益,其实这也是一个笑话。因为农民工根本不存在合法的权益。

农民工没有岗位培训,没有资格证书,没有劳务合同,没有工伤保险,除了力气,其他的一概没有。

我曾经异想天开的给所有进场的农民工做岗前培训,给他们技术交底,给他们买保险,结果没过一个星期,所有的农民工我都没见过,见过的都跑掉了。去找包工头,一万个理由等着你,老婆生孩子了,媳妇让老公公欺负了,家里猪羔子死了,地里忙,反正说啥都没用,人家就是走了。

通常一伙农民工进入现场的时候,青壮年比较多,熟练工人也很多,干三五天以后,包工头会把这些拼凑起来的人再打散,然后往里掺沙子,我最惨的一次,每天早上要面对二十多个喝的摇摇晃晃的五六十岁的老头,早上不整半斤酒都起不来炕,干一个多小时的活以后你连人都找不见了,都找地方睡觉去了。就着睡一天晚上还不让自己给自己记一个工。话说这到时候我能给钱吗?

大的包工头挣的是施工差价,小的挣的是人工费差价。这二者区别很大。比如说平米包干,大包1500一平米包过来,转手给二包1300,一平米吃200块钱,一万平米就是200万到手了。

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