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欧盟 27 日决定把滞留在意大利和希腊的 4 万名难民按配额摊派给 28 个成员国。图为5 月中旬在地中海被英国海军营救的北非难民。
【环球时报驻英国、德国特约记者 纪双城 青木 陶短房】“摊派难民仅仅是一个开始！”德国《明镜》周刊28日表示。27日，欧盟决定把4万名滞留意大利和希腊的难民按照配额制强行摊派给28个成员国。但阻力是巨大的，拒绝接受难民分配的国家越来越多。匈牙利总理直接称这一计划是“白痴计划”。专家们警告称，这将给欧盟各国带来巨大的压力，甚至引发欧盟及各国内部的分裂。
根据欧盟计划，各国的分摊比例将由国民经济总量、人口总数、失业率以及已经安置的难民人数酌情而定。根据配额标准，德国需接收大约18%的难民，其配额比例是欧盟国家中最高的；法国的难民配额是14%，居第二；之后是意大利，比例将近12%；西班牙，比例是10%左右。为了安慰收留国，欧盟将给予这些国家经济补助，目前初步定为成员国每收留一名难民将获得6000欧元补助。
英国已经明确表示，不参加欧盟的难民配额计划。英国政府国际发展事务大臣接受英国广播公司采访时表示：“如果你首先调查一下这些难民走上这条路的动机，就知道他们是希望获得较好的生活。真正解决这个问题的长期方案是国际社会共同努力解决贫困问题，促进发展，消除差距，不让任何人落在后面，或者陷入贫困。”丹麦也表示不参与。下个月丹麦举行大选，政府担心接受配额将导致反移民的丹麦人民党上台，目前后者在民调中获得很高支持率。波兰也表示不会接收。爱尔兰表示“会酌情接收一些”。
法国《论坛报》称，中东欧国家也很为难。波兰、捷克、拉脱维亚、斯洛伐克表示反对。匈牙利总理直接称这一计划“疯了”。西班牙和意大利态度谨慎。对南欧国家而言，配额制可以缓解难民对其冲击，没有配额这些难民将更多涌入直接面对地中海的这些国家，压力反倒更大。2014年涌入希腊和意大利的难民数量同比分别增长153%和277%，让两国不堪重负。法国总理瓦尔斯表示，法国反对在欧盟各国中实行分摊配额制接收移民和难民，认为应该以“更加公平的方式分配”。瓦尔斯认为，“法国已经做了很多。自2012年以来，法国已接收了5000名叙利亚难民和4500名伊拉克难民”。
德国、瑞典、奥地利等国赞同这项配额计划。欧盟委员会主席容克也要求“欧盟内部有更多的团结精神”。联合国秘书长潘基文也对欧盟的难民新计划表示欢迎。英国《金融时报》认为，各国的分歧说明，欧洲领导人不知道潜在难民的数量到底是多少，不清楚同意承担“难民配额”意味着什么。因为欧盟内部人员可以自由流动，难民即便在保加利亚或波兰安顿下来，也没有办法阻止他们坐上汽车前往德国或法国。
更让人担心的是，还有成千上万来自非洲和中东的非法移民涌入欧洲。联合国估计，今年已经有6万多人试图从北非穿越地中海进入欧洲，已有1800多名难民在途中死亡，比去年同期增加20倍。欧盟数据显示，去年有22万非法移民入境，今年的数字已超去年，其中约40%为叙利亚人和厄立特里亚人。
“70万！二战后最多的。”德国《世界报》表示，今年欧盟预计将有70万难民申请移民。美国《赫芬顿邮报》称，2014年欧盟共收到36万份难民庇护申请，其中18.5万份被接受，大部分由德国、瑞典、法国、意大利、英国和荷兰接收。由于许多国家表示强烈不满，难民配额问题变得十分复杂，很难实现。但欧盟委员会副主席弗兰斯接受法国《世界报》采访时指出，这些配额是针对特定情况的紧急措施，各国仍有权决定是否为申请避难者提供难民庇护。欧盟计划于6月15日在卢森堡部长会议上讨论，随后提交6月30日的布鲁塞尔峰会讨论。不过，专家们警告称，这可能引发欧盟及各国内部的分裂。
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
