Article
ENGLISH ARTICLE
Cyrus II of Persia ((Persian: کوروش بزرگ , Old Persian: [3] Kuruš (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC[4]), commonly known as Cyrus the Great,[5] also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire.[6] Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East,[6] expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much of Central Asia and the Caucasus. From the Mediterranean sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen.[7] His regal titles in full were The Great King, King of Persia, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the four corners of the World. He also pronounced what some consider to be one of the first historically important declarations of human rights via the Cyrus Cylinder sometime between 539 and 530 BCE, although this has been disputed by some scholars.
The reign of Cyrus the Great lasted between 29 and 31 years. Cyrus built his empire by conquering first the Median Empire, then the Lydian Empire and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Either before or after Babylon, he led an expedition into central Asia, which resulted in major campaigns that were described as having brought "into subjection every nation without exception".[8] Cyrus did not venture into Egypt, as he himself died in battle, fighting the Massagetae along the Syr Darya in December 530 BC.[9][10] He was succeeded by his son, Cambyses II, who managed to add to the empire by conquering Egypt, Nubia, and Cyrenaica during his short rule.
Cyrus the Great respected the customs and religions of the lands he conquered.[11] It is said that in universal history, the role of the Achaemenid empire founded by Cyrus lies in its very successful model for centralized administration and establishing a government working to the advantage and profit of its subjects.[6] In fact, the administration of the empire through satraps and the vital principle of forming a government at Pasargadae were the works of Cyrus.[12] What is sometimes referred to as the Edict of Restoration (actually two edicts) described in the Bible as being made by Cyrus the Great left a lasting legacy on the Jewish religion where because of his policies in Babylonia, he is referred to by the people of the Jewish faith, as "the anointed of the Lord" or a "Messiah".[13][14]
Cyrus the Great is also well recognized for his achievements in human rights, politics, and military strategy, as well as his influence on both Eastern and Western civilizations. Having originated from Persis, roughly corresponding to the modern Iranian province of Fars, Cyrus has played a crucial role in defining the national identity of modern Iran.[15][16][17] Cyrus and, indeed, the Achaemenid influence in the ancient world also extended as far as Athens, where many Athenians adopted aspects of the Achaemenid Persian culture as their own, in a reciprocal cultural exchange.[18]
PERSIAN ARTICLE
کوروش دوم(در بین یونانیها شناخته شده تحت عنوان کوروش بزرگ یا کوروش کبیر[۳]؛به پارسی باستان: &lrm
نخستین پادشاه و بنیان گذار شاهنشاهی هخامنشی بود. کوروش به مدت سی سال، از سال ۵۵۹ تا ۵۲۹ پیش از میلاد، بر ایران فرمانروایی کرد.[۴]
دربارهٔ کوروش تمام مورخان توافق دارند که شاهی بود با عزم، خردمند و مهربان که در موارد مشکل به عقل بیش از قوه متوسل میشد و برخلاف پادشاهان آشور و بابل، با مردم مغلوب رئوف و مهربان بود.[۵] جنگ و بوی خون او را برخلاف فاتحان دیگر مغرور نکرد و رفتار او با پادشاهان مغلوب لیدیه و بابل سیاست تسامح او را بخوبی نشان میدهد.[۶] با پادشاهان مغلوب به اندازهای مهربانی میکرد که آنها دوست کوروش شده و در مواقع مشکل به او یاری مینمودند. با مذهب و معتقدات مردم کاری نداشت بلکه برای جذب قلوب ملل آداب مذهبی آنها را محترم میداشت. شهرها و ممالکی که تحت تسلط او در میآمدند، هیچگاه معرض قتل و غارت واقع نمیشدند. [۷] آنچه درباب وی برای مورخ جای تردید ندارد، قطعاً این است که لیاقت نظامی و سیاسی فوقالعاده در وجود او، با چنان انسانیت و مروتی در آمیخته بود که در تاریخ پادشاهان شرقی پدیدهای بهکلی تازه به شمار میآمد.[۸] کوروش از ذکر عناوین و القاب احتراز داشت، در کتیبههایی که از او مانده، این عبارت ساده خوانده میشود، من کوروش شاه هخامنشی هستم. حال آنکه شاهان دیگر خود را خدا میخواندند.[۹]
داندامایو میگوید به نظر میرسد کوروش به سنت و ادیان سرزمینهای فتح شده احترام میگذاشت پارسیها او را پدر[۱۰][۳]، روحانیان بابل او را برگزیده مردوک ، یهودیها او را مسیح فرستاده شده از جانب یهوه و یونانیان او را فاتحی بزرگ و سیاستمداری باهوش میدانستن]. گزنفون در کورشنامه او را حکمرانی آرمانی و ایده آل توصیف میکند[۱۳][۳][۱۴].
Previous article:
جوک +18 (14 years ago)
Next article:
اخبار فوتبال (14 years ago)
About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. Its creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
