Esim - 黑豹与希尔曼的对决:莱茵兰战役2014-1-17
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莱茵兰战役LaiyinlanZhanyiRhineland,Battleof

        开始于1945年2月7日,结束于1945年3月23日。

        第二次世界大战中,盟军为歼灭莱茵河左岸(即莱茵兰)德军并夺取右岸登陆场,于1945年2~3月实施的进攻战役。



        阿登战役结束后,德“H”集团军群、“B”集团军群和“G”集团军群退守齐格菲防线,企图阻止盟军攻入德国本土。欧洲盟军最高司令D.D.艾森豪威尔上将决心以第21集团军群  美国第3集团军的部队(司令为B.L.蒙哥马利元帅,辖加拿大第1集团军、英第2集团军和美第9集团军)、第12集团军群(司令为ON.布雷德利中将,辖美第1、第3集团军)和第6集团军群(司令为J.L.德弗斯中将,辖美第7集团军、法第1集团军)从奈梅亨至卡尔斯鲁厄一线发起进攻,突破齐格菲防线,歼灭莱茵河左岸德军,伺机在右岸建立登陆场。德军西线总兵力为73个不满员师,弹药油料奇缺。盟军兵力兵器均占绝对优势。





战争过程

        2月7日,美第1集团军左翼首先发起进攻,但未能夺占鲁尔水坝。德军乘机打开水坝,造成河水泛滥,美第9集团军被迫推迟进攻。

        8日,加第1集团军发起进攻,遭德军顽强抵抗,加之天气异常恶劣,道路泥泞,直至21日才进抵戈赫。

 

        23日,美第9集团军发起进攻,渡过鲁尔河向韦瑟尔推进。德军防线崩溃,撤至莱茵河右岸并炸毁所有桥梁。26日,加军再次进攻,3月4日进抵盖尔登,与美第9集团军会合,10日占领克桑滕。盟军俘德军5.3万人,但未能围歼德“H”集团军群。  莱茵河上的鲁登道夫铁路桥被美国攻占  

        3月3日,第12集团军群发起进攻,进展迅速,7日进抵莱茵河畔科隆至科布伦茨一线。同日,其第1集团军夺占横跨莱茵河的雷马根桥,并迅速巩固右岸桥头堡,至16日所属3个军均进抵右岸;

        13日,其第3集团军向沃尔姆斯、美因茨方向发起进攻,迂回齐格菲防线,掩护第1集团军右翼。

        15日,美第7集团军向齐格菲防线发起正面进攻,进展甚微。20日,美第3集团军占领美因茨和沃尔姆斯,德“G”集团军群面临被合围的危险,被迫撤过莱茵河。

         23日,美第3集团军的1个师在奥彭海姆偷渡成功,另10个师随后渡河,建立起牢固的登陆场。





 

经典人文地理-坦克大战:莱茵兰战役


 

战争结果
  通过莱茵河战役,盟军全线突破齐格菲防线,肃清莱茵河左岸德军,俘虏25万人,并在右岸建立起战略登陆场,为进军德国腹地准备了条件。

 

战争人物  





        艾森豪威尔  Dwight David Eisenhower

        生于公元1890年10月14日,卒于公元1969年3月28日。美国第34任总统,陆军五星上将。生于得克萨斯州丹尼森城。1915年毕 业于美国陆军军官学校(西点军校)。第一次世界大战期间在国内服役,任科尔特坦克训练中心主任。1922年赴巴拿马运河区执勤。1925年入指挥与参谋学校学习。1927年入陆军军事学院深造。1928年随“战争纪念委员会”赴法工作一年。回国后在陆军参谋部工作。1933年任陆军参谋长D·麦克阿瑟的副官。1935年作为顾问团成员随麦克阿瑟前往菲律宾,帮助组建菲律宾军队。


  1948年5月退役后任哥伦比亚大学校长。1950年再次服现役,任北大西洋条约组织武装力量最高司令。1952年11月当选为美国第34任总统。任内大力发展核武器和空军,推行大规模报复战略和战争边缘政策。1953年7月接受《朝鲜停战协定》。10月与韩国签订共同防御条约。1954年12月与台湾当局签订共同安全条约。1957年1月连任总统,提出插手中东事务的“艾森豪威尔主义”。1958年7月出兵干涉黎巴嫩。1961年离任。著有回忆录《远征欧陆》、《授权变革》和《争取和平》等。








  布雷德利 Omar Nelson Bradley

        生于公元1893年2月12日,卒于公元1981年4月8日。美国陆军五星上将。生于美国密苏里州克拉克。1915年美国陆军军官学校(西点军校)毕业后,先后入本宁堡步兵学校和利文沃思堡指挥与参谋学校深造。1941年2月任本宁堡步兵学校校长。1942年2月起先后担任第82、第28步兵师师长。1943年2月前往北非,任地中海战区盟军总司令艾森豪威尔的战场私人代表。后接替巴顿任第2军军长,率部参加突尼斯战役和西西里岛登陆战役。1943年9月任美第1集团军司令,10月在英国布里斯托尔开设第1集团军司令部,并参与制订诺曼底登陆计划。1944年6月在诺曼底登陆战役中,指挥所部肃清科唐坦半岛德军。


  7月实施“眼镜蛇”作战计划,突破德军防线,打开登陆后一度出现的僵持局面。8月1日任第12集团军群司令,在法莱斯战役中重创德军,随后经法国北部解放卢森堡和比利时南部,并攻入德国境内。同年12月~次年1月在阿登战役中击败德军进攻。在1945年2~4月的莱茵兰战役中突破齐格菲防线,渡过莱茵河,在盟军第21集团军群协同下歼灭鲁尔德军重兵集团。同年8月任退伍军人管理局局长。

        1948年2月任美国陆军参谋长,翌年8月任参谋长联席会议主席。1950年9月被授予陆军五星上将军衔。朝鲜战争中参与制定美国军事战略。1953年退出现役。著有回忆录《一个军人的故事》、《将军百战归》。

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