Esim - 毛泽东思想的当代价值在哪里2014-1-14
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中外对毛泽东、毛泽东思想和毛泽东时代政绩的评价,大体有四种观点:一是认为功大于错。许多进步人士从客观事实出发,强调在新民主主义革命和建设中毛泽东及其思想完全或基本正确,建国后的前期基本正确,后期以阶级斗争为纲等思想偏离马列主义和宪法,属于伟大的马克思主义者犯了一定的错误。

  
二是认为功错对半。有些思维简单的人士误信流行的片面信息,主张毛泽东在新民主主义革命时期基本正确,社会主义革命和建设时期错大于功,因而毛泽东有对有错,功错对半。这种片面观点主要源于对改革前28年经济、政治文化建设失误的夸大,而没有看到其成绩是主要的,失误是第二位的,较客观的评价应接近于民众所说的“三七开”。

  
三是认为完全错误。中外右派人士完全或基本否定毛泽东及其思想和政绩,或不顾主要事实,夸大失误;或捏造事实,造谣生事。其目的在于借此否定中国共产党和中国特色社会主义,宣扬西方宪政和私有化。如“新西山会议”、“零八宪章”和“儒化共产党”等舆论,均属这种动机,旨在扰乱党心和民心,干扰社会主义改革开放发展。

  
四是认为完全正确。个别“极左”人士认为毛泽东在社会主义革命和建设时期思想完全正确,改革后贪污腐化、贫富分化、道德败坏、思想混乱等问题都是偏离毛泽东思想的结果,进而主张推行类似“文革”的革命运动来解决问题。这种观点的思维方法简单化和表面化,没有分清过去的“文革”与现在的改革、存在的问题与解决问题方法的根本区别。

  
广大人民认同毛泽东,首先来源于毛泽东及共产党的领导使中国人民真正站起来了,初步改变了一穷二白的国家形象。新中国成立后的20多年里,GDP年均增速超过6%,初步建立较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系,综合国力和居民生活水平比建国前有较大幅度提高。我国大多数人相信,如果没有毛泽东领导新民主主义革命,今天中国人民可能“还在黑暗中苦斗”。同时,今天的中国特色社会主义是在改革开放历史新时期开创的,但也是在新中国已经建立起社会主义基本制度并进行了20多年建设的基础上开创的。改革开放前和改革开放后两个历史时期不能互相否定,它们相互联系又有重大区别,但本质上都是我们党领导人民社会主义建设的实践探索。

  
那么,毛泽东思想还有现实意义吗?前几年,笔者主持过约三千人的各阶层民意调查,近85%的人认为有现实意义。

  
首先,从治党治国大政看,中国特色社会主义理论体系是对毛泽东思想的科学继承和发展,两者都是现阶段党的指导思想和行动指南,这说明在社会主义性质和方向的改革开放发展过程中,毛泽东思想仍具有一定的理论和现实意义。譬如社会主义初级阶段理论,来源于毛泽东的社会主义社会可分为不发达与发达阶段的思想;改革是社会主义自我完善的理论,来源于毛泽东关于社会主义社会生产力与生产关系、上层建筑与经济基础矛盾运动的思想;目前开展群众路线的教育理论,来源于毛泽东关于群众路线的一系列思想。

  
其次,从社会日常生活看,毛泽东及其时代倡导的学习白求恩、张思德、愚公移山、雷锋、大庆铁人和焦裕禄等精神,与当前培育和践行的社会主义核心价值观密切相连,改革以来部分遏制着自私自利、不讲诚信、贪污腐败、挥霍浪费、官僚主义等不良风气,广大干部群众在相当程度上依然继承和弘扬着这些优良和珍贵的人文精神和人道精神。目前我国40岁以上的各界领军人物和骨干,很少人没有受到毛泽东思想以及那个时代精气神和价值观的熏陶和影响。

  
第三,从世界范围来看,毛泽东及其时代真心支持二战后各被压迫民族独立、消除殖民主义和种族主义,积极援助不少发展中国家和社会主义国家的建设,至今仍获得好评和好感。毛泽东关于“三个世界”的战略思想,关于中国革命三大法宝的经验等,至今仍被不少国家共产党人和进步人士所践行。仅南亚就有7个国家的共产党,至今仍主张把毛泽东关于新民主主义革命理论和政策同本国的具体国情相结合。前几年查韦斯也曾倡导,把马列主义和毛泽东思想同拉美的思想家和本国实践相结合,其执政的实践、巨大成就和获得广大老百姓的拥戴,也是毛泽东思想当代价值的一个体现。

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