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Nalja ja naljaka olemuse seletamiseks on erinevaid teooriaid. Neid kõiki kokku võttes võib öelda, et naljakana tajutakse seda, kui miski on valesti või sobimatu, kuid see pole otseselt ohtlik ega eriti kahjulik (vähemalt mitte nalja adressadile endale); nalja mõju võivad suurendada selles peituv üllatuse ja ootamatuse element, võimalus tunda nalja objekti suhtes üleolekut ning otsene või vihjeline seotus näiteks seksi või agressiooniga. Naljas peaks kuulaja jaoks olema ka kerge äratundmismoment.
Nali kergendab suhtlemist, aidates raskematest küsimustest kergemalt üle saada. "Naljaga pooleks" võib esitada ka selliseid küsimusi või teha ettepanekuid, mis surmtõsiselt võetuna tunduksid ebakohased või isegi solvavad.
Tavaliselt peetakse füüsilist koomikat (keegi libastub banaanikoorel ja kukub; kellelegi lüüaks tort näkku) primitiivsemaks kui sõnalisel ja situatsioonilisel mitmetähenduslikkusel põhinevat koomikat. Mõnede teadlaste arvates töötlevad nn labaseid nalju ja teravmeelseid nalju aju erinevad osad. Ka nalja kognitiivse komonendi ehk naljast arusaamise ning nalja emotsionaalse komponendi ehk naljatundega tegelevad erinevad ajupiirkonnad.
On arvatud, et oma sümboolse keele ja arenenud abstraktse mõtlemise tõttu on inimene ainus liik, kes on võimeline nalja tajuma. Samas on aga tähelepanu juhitud sellele, et nali on sageli seoses mänguga ning ka paljud loomad ilmselgelt mängivad ja teevad nalja.
On märgatud, et erinevatel rahvastel ja erinevatel kultuuridel on igapäevases suhtlemises nalja vajadus erinev. Nalja tegemine või ka mitte, puudutab otseselt piirkondlike ning ühikondlike suhtlustavasid. Üldiselt peetakse lõunapoolsemaid (ekvaatoripoolsemaid) rahvaid rõõmsamateks ja naljalembemateks ning põhjapoolsemaid (pooluste-lähedasi) rahvaid süngemateks ning naljavaesemateks. On arvatud, et jahedamates, klimaatiliselt külmemates piirkondades on inimestel rohkem muresid ellujäämiseks ja elatise hankimiseks, mistõttu jääb vähem vaba aega lõbutsemiseks, kuid see pole ainus võimalik seletus. Näiteks USA-s on kombeks tunduvalt rohkem nalja teha kui samadel laiuskraadidel mujal maailmas. Presidendivalimiste kampaania (jm poliitline aktiivsus) oleks seal mõeldamatu, kui kandidaadil puuduks huumorimeel ja naljatamise oskus.
Tähelepanuväärne on ka (instinktiivne või bioloogiline) fenomen, et väikeste laste (ja ka väikeste loomadega) suheldes hakatakse spontaanselt naljatama, mängima, lõbutsema, rõõmustama. On arvatud, et selline kohastumus on evolutsiooniliselt välja kujunenud ja seotud liigi säilimisega, kuid, taas, see pole ainus võimalik seletus.
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Kolmas nali (12 years ago)
About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
