Esim - 马背上的野望——匈牙利历史第三弹
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匈牙利被联统了,中欧也成为了哈布斯堡的天下,看起来似乎已经平静了,但是,此时的奥地利帝国说是奥地利,实际上是一个多民族国家,以南德意志人(或者说是奥地利人)和匈牙利人作为主体,克罗地亚人,意大利人,塞尔维亚人之类的其他民族为少数民族的联合体。但是,匈牙利人却没有得到和奥地利人一样的待遇,这使得匈牙利人十分不满,当然,矛盾的集中爆发最后在1848年匈牙利民族大起义中被宣泄出来,这次起义也有一个非常著名的诗句诞生——“生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。”,被起义搞的焦头烂额的奥地利却在此时得到了俄罗斯人的帮助,100多万的俄军一进入匈牙利就迅速地平定了起义。不过哈布斯堡不得不开始考虑匈牙利人的感受,因此,奥匈帝国终于建立,匈牙利享有和奥地利一样的权利,联系两国的就是皇帝——皇帝同时拥有匈牙利和奥地利的皇冠。奥匈帝国开始了对巴尔干的扩张,并且最终促成了一战,在战后,匈牙利曾经短暂的建立了苏维埃共和国,但是迅速被罗马尼亚镇压。匈牙利政府不得不同意一项非常屈辱的条约——特里亚农条约匈牙利割让斯洛伐克和外喀尔巴阡乌克兰给捷克斯洛伐克;
特兰西瓦尼亚和巴纳特东部划归罗马尼亚;
克罗地亚、巴纳特西部划归南斯拉夫王国;
布尔根兰的大部分归于奥地利,也与圣日耳曼条约配合,当中的肖普朗区域则根据1921年12月公投结果归于匈牙利;
原本归于南斯拉夫的匈牙利城市佩奇、莫哈奇、包姚及锡盖特堡重新划归匈牙利;
多瑙河受战胜国控制;
陆军限为 3.5万人;
赔款数额由赔偿委员会确定。(割地情况见图;图中粉红色区域为匈历史领土,红色线条为条约规定的各国国界)条约签定后,匈牙利丧失了72%的国土面积,人口由2080万大幅减至650万,超过1000万名匈牙利人一夜之间便身处他乡(1914年的匈牙利王国拥有33万多平方千米领土)。这在历史上也是罕见的。
下一期·我们将会讲一讲匈牙利和罗马尼亚的时代仇恨

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马背上的野望——匈牙利历史第二弹 (10 years ago)

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