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周日去看《智威虎山》。早场，没坐满，身边大多是四五十岁的大爷大妈。之前看了预告片花，对坦克、飞机和钢筋水泥要塞印象深刻，本来单纯地打算来看徐克的笑话，看看203首长怎么带着重炮群强攻威虎山，剿匪小分队怎么变成林彪帐下最强主力。没想到，开场竟然跳出了八一厂片头，大出我意料之外。因为八一厂插手的作品虽然也经常很烂，但总不至于把历史拍成魔幻片，不会让解放战争变成蜀山剑侠传。我开始好奇：这片头究竟是说明徐克翻身做人，还是预示着八一厂的进一步堕落？
开场不久，身边的大爷大妈开始和徐克互动。只要有一个新人物亮相，他们一定抢在看清字幕之前宣布自己的判断：“少剑波！、李勇奇！、杨子荣、栾平！”。平时电影院里的吵闹会引起我的厌恶，这次身边的嘈杂却带来了几分亲切感，当年在空地里看露天电影的亲切感。
等到杨子荣昂首走上威虎厅，嘈杂声忽然消失。“天王盖地虎！宝塔镇河妖！……么哈？么哈？正晌午时说话，谁也没有家！……脸怎么红了？精神焕发！”。当这段几亿中国人倒背如流的对话在影院里回荡，骤然的安静之后是满场爆发的惊叹，百十个大爷大妈掌声雷动。我知道徐克这次成功了，他拍出了一代人心中的英雄，让观众看到了年轻时的梦幻形象——红色战神杨子荣。
众所周知，徐克版的智取威虎山是历史上的第五版。第一版自然是曲波同志带队进山，在密林窝棚里和土匪比耐力比吃苦；第二版是少剑波的小分队在《林海雪原》小说中过关斩将，书写当代传奇；第三版是1960年的电影《林海雪原》。第四版是样板戏。最后才有徐克的现代第五版。
正如《魔戒》的旁白：“历史变成传说传说变成神话”。在徐克之前，《智取威虎山》的每一版都比前身增加了至少一倍的革命浪漫主义，渲染了壮丽的场景：“穿林海跨雪原，气冲霄汉”。同时，每一版也把战争的残酷、环境的艰苦压缩了一个数量级，让从未体会过零下30度严寒的观众（读者）产生强烈的代入感。王朔的《看上去很美》记录了60年代孩子的游戏模式：
“大孩手拿钳子到处去剪人家晾衣服的铁丝，给自己也给我们小孩造出一把把弹弓枪，状似杨子荣和少剑波使的那种“大肚匣子”，铁丝上缠着玻璃丝，
去商场文具柜台买来皮筋一股股穿起来，作业本都撕了叠成三角子弹，
一次打一发，号称德国“二十响”。都是双枪老太婆，埋伏在楼拐角、单元门内，
遇小孩经过便跃出双枪齐射，打一枪换一个地方，
不许放空枪。我们在大孩的率领、组合下天天进行大规模实战演习，日夜争夺每一栋楼门、每一条马路、每一棵树。”
到了80年代，我们在家属院做游戏，规则和玩耍时幻想的场景依然如故。可见几代中国孩子共享一个相同的杨子荣梦。至于大雪中厮杀是否真的如此浪漫潇洒，手持匣子枪的杨子荣是否真的百战百胜，那就是另一个问题了，对于观众来说并不重要。实际上，直到差不21世纪，我才知道杨子荣牺牲时间就在威虎山战斗后不久，失手原因正是风雪冻住了驳壳枪的枪机。
既然样板戏甚至《林海雪原》也对剿匪经历施加了春秋笔法，那的确没必要太纠结徐克版的威虎山修改了多少历史背景。当年舞台条件和特效差，许多细节没有反映出来，所以观众们只能用想象填补细节，在大脑中构造一个比样板戏更夸张的杨子荣战史。现在徐克有电脑特效和3d摄影技术支持，拍的比样板戏更精美，比林海雪原的文字更浪漫，或许距离真实的战史更远；但有样板戏铺垫的市场在前，有几十年的英雄传说做背景，观众反而会觉得徐克的电影形象更符合“记忆”中的“真实”，认为披着皮大衣，胡子精心修剪过的张涵予神似幻想中的无敌杨子荣。这就是徐克成功的首要原因。
二 同志走了，大侠来了
话又说回来，从翻拍红色经典的角度来说，徐克这一版电影的“红色”元素非常可疑。原著小说、黑白电影乃至样板戏虽然并非真实的剿匪记录，但基本逻辑并未脱离史实。都是人民解放军派一部进山，发动群众，组织生产，训练民兵，最后以群众的力量为基础发动进攻，犁庭扫穴，彻底消灭了土匪存在的武装基础和社会基础。激烈的战斗场面从来不是红色经典的唯一卖点。《沙家浜》、《红灯记》没有多少大动干戈的场面，内容以军民合作为主，却和《智取威虎山》齐名。
但在徐克的电影里，解放军形象只体现于几十个能打的好汉。他们更像是偶然到来的游侠或是骑士，而不是要永久改变生活的“解放者”。作为一支解放军，剿匪分队相互称呼居然几乎听不到“同志”二字。失去了“同志”身份的杨子荣与其说是解放军战斗英雄，不如说是红色007。太祖为解放军规定的三大任务：战斗队、工作队、宣传队，在电影里只剩下了一个职能：战斗队。土匪马队进村，20个解放军拼死一战，村民恐惧地抱在一起要求放弃抵抗，这更像《七武士》或是《魔戒》里的平民，而不是人民战争体制下的力量源泉。
原作者、解放军军官曲波临终留有遗言，希望《林海雪原》的衍生作品不要成为纯粹的“打打杀杀的武打戏”。但现在看来，徐克版的主要看点恰恰就在“打打杀杀”上，而且是非常脱离实际背景的“打打杀杀”。影片一开始，弹无虚发的狙击枪就把“土八路”的档次往上提了一格；用汽油桶改造的抛射器本来是堑壕战中攻击固定阵地的震慑用具，片中打运动目标的准头堪比重型迫击炮；敌人扔来手榴弹，可以用另一个手榴弹撞回去；少剑波首长的小手枪打快速冲击的骑兵，枪枪中眉心，弹无虚发；轻型坦克向岩石开炮，居然打塌了小半座山。这一版《智取威虎山》终究还是回到了徐克最熟悉的武侠套路。
奇怪的是，在观众口味越来越高，“手撕鬼子”已经成为专有词汇的今天，《智取威虎山》竟然没有成为被取笑的“神剧”。在我身边，许多很熟悉军事知识，平时对国产“战争大片”嗤之以鼻的朋友，这次对徐克竟是交口称赞，再不去纠结那些一望即知的细节问题。
为什么呢？我想说，这大概是因为徐克单纯地拍了一部红色武侠，没有企图去强行驾驭那些他驾驭不了的内容。比如发动群众，比如建立基层组织，比如以小见大、让剿匪作战联系全国战局。相比之下，那些“抗日神剧”情节离奇，转折生硬、特效稀烂的问题暂且不说，还动不动就要改变国家命运，刺杀日本首相，盗窃战略情报，至少也要拯救一个省份一座城市，扭转关键战役的胜负，把撒狗血的江湖械斗硬是塞进清晰的历史框架。这好比玩俄罗斯方块扔出一个圆形，在天安门广场上碰到山寨版的江南水乡，没法不让人觉得别扭。
在人物塑造上，“抗日神剧”往往扭扭捏捏，追求“人性的复杂”。英雄往往气短情长，烈士总要瞻前顾后，一定要让土匪抗日，让流氓有人性光辉才觉得安心。徐克这部电影的人物形象却很简单：好人就是好人，行侠仗义；坏人就是坏人，杀人抢粮。好人打坏人，如刀切豆腐，原则就一个字：“爽到底！”。你问还有其他的内涵没？抱歉，要看上档次的你自己去拍，咱拍的是贺岁片，就图给观众一个痛快！
《世界大屠杀》一书曾经高度赞扬了斯普鲁恩斯在中途岛战役最后阶段的决定：
斯普鲁恩斯的第三个重大决断是不顾这种敦促，也不顾尼米兹发来的语气强烈的电报；他的决断是停止追击，结束战斗。他不愿掉进威克岛的空中势力圈。这简直象是开了天眼一般的明智。据说他曾对参谋们非常简明地说：“我们给人的打击大致差不多了，也不会再多了。我们离开这儿吧。”他的舰只燃料不足了；飞行员们精疲力竭了；天边外有支情况不明但实力强大的敌方舰队使他捉摸不定；还明知道敌人有支以陆地为基地的空中打击力量，使他不能按照追击的原则行事。雷蒙德·斯普鲁恩斯少将就这样决定了，就这样确保了中途岛战役的胜利。
人贵有自知之明，无论是打仗还是拍电影。徐克今年的胜利也是如此。
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
