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更何况,宰杀牲口也是要看季节的,刚熬过冬天的牲口一般都很瘦,不养肥了再宰可就太不合算了。
另一方面,虽然西欧的大部分国度都挨着海,但由于欧洲的整体纬度较高,日照量不足,所以晒盐很困难,从而导致中世纪欧洲的盐价很昂贵,在某些地方甚至比古代中国官营垄断下的盐价都要高。基本上是越温暖的地方盐价越低,越寒冷的地方盐价越高,在最冷的俄国,一磅盐经常能换两头羊。而臭名昭著的北欧名产——瑞典的臭青鱼罐头,也是因为贫穷的北欧渔民们想要节约食盐,才被发明出来的。
——想要知道北欧臭青鱼罐头有多么可怕的读者,可以参考日本动漫《萌菌物语》的开头部分。
因此,中世纪的欧洲人平常大多吃风干肉,这东西就是把肉放在寒风里吹干成木乃伊。风干肉的储存年限很长,保存几十年的也能吃(当时的欧洲人才不在乎二恶英之类的玩意儿呢)。
在食用这种风干肉之前,要先用刀子刮去表面的油垢和氧化层。然后在河水中浸泡一两天,最后才能煮熟食用。至于味道么,只能说是吃不死人——古代欧洲人出门旅行的时候,总是不喜欢吃干肉而喜欢吃面包,就是因为这个缘故。
就算是你的运气好,能搞到一些鲜肉,中世纪欧洲人在某些方面也实在是太不讲究了,很多地方甚至不知道肉用公畜是要从小阉割的,最后割下来的猪肉比老母猪都要老,还带着一股无法形容的骚味儿——对于那些吃惯了现代菜肴的穿越者们来说,保证每次吃这种“骚肉”都会难受得跟受刑一样。
除了盐之外,当时欧洲人餐桌上的调味料极少,没有咖喱也没有沙拉酱,砂糖和香料都要通过阿拉伯人的地盘进口,价格贵得可怕。
那时候的砂糖是放在药店里卖的,对于欧洲人而言并非日常调味品,而是仿佛中国人眼中的人参一样的高级补品。
至于香料么,以胡椒为例,中世纪欧洲的胡椒一向是按粒卖的。如果是胡椒粉末的话,那可就更倒霉了,称重的时候不仅要关紧门窗,屏住呼吸,买主还要一遍遍地检查秤上有没有作假……
——《狼与辛香料》里的主角罗伦斯,就用一大袋钱币才换了一小袋胡椒,还认为是很便宜的优惠价。
除了砂糖和香料之外,中世纪欧洲较为便宜的调味品主要是柠檬汁,现代的西餐里也常常能看到这玩意儿。北欧人一般用黄油涂面包,而南欧人则用橄榄油,此外还有一个较昂贵的选择:蜂蜜。
——还是在《狼与辛香料》里面,罗伦斯为了给女主角赫萝买一只蜜渍桃子而差点破产,可想而知中世纪的蜂蜜有多么值钱了。那年头就算两个领主之间为抢夺几箱蜂蜜而打仗,也不是什么特别稀奇的事。
中世纪欧洲的奶酪,也不是现代超市里的整齐方块,而是一坨坨绿不啦叽的黏糊状物体,既像是牙膏又像是芥末膏,就是不像我们概念中的奶酪,让人一看就倒胃口。
勉强吃完不合口味的中世纪饭菜,你大概想要放松一下,可惜中世纪的欧洲既没有咖啡也没有茶叶,更没有热可可,同样也没有香烟可抽——可可和烟草此时都还躺在大西洋对岸的美洲丛林里。
而饮茶与喝咖啡的习惯,则要等到十字军东征之后,才慢慢地通过阿拉伯人的地盘传入欧洲(咖啡原产于埃塞俄比亚)。并且,在经过穿越整个欧亚大陆的漫长旅途和重重转手之后,抵达欧洲的茶叶价格已经贵比黄金,哪怕是大贵族也舍不得经常饮用。
在这种情况下,你只能靠喝啤酒或葡萄酒来权作消遣。
不过要注意的是,中世纪欧洲的葡萄酒酿造和储存技术还很不过关,因此当年新酿葡萄酒的价值通常十倍于隔年的陈酒:后者往往会变酸掉渣,根本无法入口,只能过滤一下当成醋来卖——注意,欧洲人的醋也是用葡萄酿造的,跟我们中国人不一样。
所以,那些前往中世纪欧洲的穿越者们,千万不要犯这个常识性错误,在宴会上得意洋洋地端出某某年份的“极品红酒”来招待贵客,估计人家只会在心中大骂你太吝啬,居然让他们喝醋,还是陈年老醋……
另外,正如古埃及的啤酒跟现代的啤酒完全不是一回事,中世纪欧洲人队啤酒的概念也与现代啤酒存在很大差异。
如果说古埃及的啤酒更像是没放糖的甜酒酿,那么中世纪的欧洲啤酒就更像是我们中国的黄酒——没有泡沫,酿造方法跟黄酒差不多,只不过原料采用了大麦、燕麦,而非中国人酿造黄酒的稻米。
总的来说,在古代欧洲人的概念里,啤酒就是一种谷物酒的代名词。凡是用谷物而非水果(葡萄、苹果)酿造,也没有经过蒸馏的发酵酒,统统都称为啤酒。
所以,按照欧洲人的古典分类方法,我们中国的黄酒和甜酒酿,还有日本的清酒,也都能算是啤酒。
最后,如果把中世纪啤酒蒸馏一下,那么就是威士忌了。而把葡萄酒蒸馏一下,则会得到白兰地。

四、宛如猜谜的中世纪文字

吃饱喝足之后,如果不想躺倒就睡的话,那么按照童话故事中的惯例,你似乎应该给某位贵族小姐或夫人写一封情书,或者向君王写信提出一些谏言……可问题是,你该用什么书面语言下笔呢?
在中世纪的欧洲,绝大部分的骑士、贵族甚至君王都不识字,文化完全掌握在教会手中,贵族子弟想要学习文化,通常只能去教会的修道院。而且,就算你在修道院里进修过,对于真正的远程交流而言,识字的用处恐怕也并不大,
要知道,在中世纪欧洲,大多数国家的文字语言都没有被标准化,单词和语法什么的,完全是按照个人的发音用字母拼出来。
但问题是,就算在同一个语言区,每个地方也都有自己的方言,用字母拼写出来的词汇自然也不一样……到博物馆里去看一看中世纪欧洲特别是中欧各国的文献就能知道,同一种语言的同一个词,在不同的人笔下就有多种写法——这可不是什么笔误,而是因为根本就没有统一的标准!
实际上,当时用本民族语言写书或者写笔记的人,基本上只要保证自己和熟人能够看得懂就行了,至于其他人么,反正我的书又不是写给他们看的,就让他们像破译密码一样地琢磨去吧!
这样一来,就连圣经也不能用本地语言书写,而是用希腊语和拉丁文,一般人根本读不懂,只能任凭神棍们随口忽悠——事实上,在意大利以外的地区,很多低级牧师也根本不懂晦涩的希腊语和拉丁文。
例如在中世纪的英格兰就有过这么一个简化标准,牧师们只要会用拉丁文背诵圣经的前三行就算是合格了,剩下的随他们自己编造。


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USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!

In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.

Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.

Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.


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The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.


You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.

The international war.

The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).


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