Article
最近华科大中国乡村治理研究中心贺雪峰、北大国家发展研究院周其仁和社科院华生针对城镇化和土地制度的辩论十分热烈，周之观点基本与当前国家主流观点一致，即支持土地确权和流转，扩大市场化程度；贺之观点主要与之针锋相对，认为通过土地产权改革来推动城乡一体化的构想，只在部分地区存在成功可能性，对全国不具完全的借鉴意义；华之观点亦质疑周的看法，认为集体土地流转可能导致的市场混乱。其他观点不一一而足。
正所谓真理越辩越明，有争议终归是好的，关乎国计民生的问题，值得进行更加深入的讨论。今日摘引贺雪峰教授《当前关于土地认识的几个流行错误》一文，贺文的观点固然与主流有所不同，然而批判审慎的态度，是十分宝贵的，值得以备参考。
贺雪峰《当前关于土地认识的几个流行错误》:
| 经济发展、城市扩张，在人口城市化的过程中也同时进行着土地的城市化。中国人多地少，能否保持18亿亩耕地红线，关涉到能否养活中国的大问题。城市化会占用农地，从而会减少耕地，因此，国家采取了严格的耕地保护政策，严格控制新增城市建设用地指标，强调城市建设集约节约用地。为了集约节约用地，保护耕地，国家出台了很多具体政策。在保护耕地和严控新增建设用地指标的情况下，造成城市建设用地的相对稀缺，这种建设用地稀缺产生的价值再加上土地不可移动所产生的城市建设用地级差收益，使城市建设用地具有远高于一般农地的价值，在一些地区甚至高达每亩数百万元。城市建设用地价值巨大，容易让人误会为土地价值巨大，从而以为，如果中国再多一亿亩土地，就可以产生巨额的财富，就可以为中国现代化提供关键资源。中国现代化能否成功，中国能否走出中等收入陷阱，关键是我们能否获得一亿亩城市建设用地。这个认识显然是错误的。 |
| 城市建设用地具有高价只是因为两个原因，一是经济发展和城市扩张，使特定区位的土地附着了巨大增值收益，一旦离开这个特定区位，附着在土地上的价值也就不再存在。没有经济发展和城市扩张带来的价值附着，一块土地，无论你是否叫它建设用地，都是没有这样一种增值收益的。二是因为土地用途管制，国家采用偏紧的建设用地供给政策，而使建设用地相对稀缺，从而产生形成指标价值。这个指标价值是管制形成的，一旦取消管制，指标价也就没有了，因为建设用地不再稀缺。 |
| 现行土地制度是经由新民主主义革命和社会主义改造的两场革命所锻造出来的制度。新民主主义革命平均地权，消灭了土地食利者，社会主义改造消灭了土地私有制，这样就彻底摧毁了依附于土地谋取利益的食利者阶层，从而使中国经济发展剩余主要用于分配给劳动者。随着改革开放和私人资本的兴起，参与中国经济剩余分配的就主要是资本和劳动，而无关土地，农地非农使用所形成增值收益主要通过土地出让金的形式用于城市基础设施建设，从而最终归还给社会，做到了地利共享，涨价归公。这样的土地制度，得益于新中国两场革命摧毁了土地既得利益，才使得中国社会具有远比未经历土地革命国家强大得多的活力。 |
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【每日读报】- 2014·10·30
1、王毅：望国际社会配合追逃追赃；北京APEC将发反腐宣言，是本次APEC会议重要成果；（新京报）
2、美联储宣布QE落幕 美元急涨；（华尔街见闻）
3、国务院：重点推进6大领域消费；稳定住房消费，放宽提取公积金支付房租条件；（中国政府网）
4、辽宁残联党组织书记任志伟坠亡；辽宁高院副院长出差中途身亡；（新京报网；东方早报）
5、亚马逊开通海外六站直邮中国；含英、法、美、德、西班牙、意大利，最快三天送达；（网易科技报道）
6、中邮储原行长涉挪用3.4亿受审；（新华网）
7、一汽大众召回27万辆奥迪车；软件参数设置问题，可能致安全气囊无法正确开启；（人民网-人民日报）
8、养老金花得快 年底或收不抵支；连续十年上调，收入增速已三年不及支出增速；（华夏时报）
9、新疆和田市长阿迪力违纪被查；（新疆天山网-乌鲁木齐晚报）
10、香格里拉面包车坠崖致6死1伤；乘客为攀枝花老年摄影协会摄友；（中国新闻网）
11、世行：中国应降2015年增长目标；呼吁中国将GDP增长目标降为7%，维持劳动市场稳定；（路透社）
12、〖特刊〗臣服的好处就是，当你接纳了当下，不徒然浪费力气去抗争的时候，事情往往会有意想不到的转机出现，你才发现原来的挣扎真的是白费力气。凡是你抗拒的，都会持续。
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About the game:
USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.
Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.
In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
Become an influential politician.
The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.
You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.
The international war.
The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).
At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.
E-Sim is a unique browser game. It's creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.
Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.
Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.
