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美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve, 简称:美联储)的一位官员周五对中国或在酝酿的金融动荡发出警告,称中国需要增加国内消费以降低遭遇麻烦的风险。

旧金山联邦储备银行(Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco)行长John Williams是在一份演讲稿中表达上述担忧的。他还提到了美国,认为美国有必要量入为出,其必要性与中国进行金融行业改革并提振消费支出的必要性一样高。

在这份为洛杉矶听众准备的演讲稿中,Williams还就美国货币政策发表了有限的评论。他表示,考虑到宽松货币政策在持续提供支持,他预计美国经济将继续扩张,就业也将显著增长,带动失业率在明年和2015年下降。他还称,随着时间推移,目前非常低的通胀率将朝着美联储所设2%的通胀目标回升。

当听众问及美联储认为经济状况何时能令其转回更常规的货币政策时,Williams回答道,相关过程可能是逐步的。

在演讲后接受记者们采访时,Williams不愿透露他认为美联储何时将能削减每月850亿美元的债券购买规模。他表示,债券购买计划的命运取决于经济表现。他还称,美联储在拿出货币政策决定时必须不去考量政治因素。

Williams的演讲主要还是在谈中国的经济形势。虽然他认为,在金融危机及之后的几年内,中国经济相对强劲的表现令人印象深刻,但他认为中国经济也存在不少潜在问题,很多问题从本质上看属金融问题。

他指出,市场普遍担心中国信贷领域存在的泡沫问题,中国企业和家庭债务占国内生产总值(GDP)比重的增速是美国2002年至2008年间债务增速的两倍多。他说,从其它国家的历史上看,债务水平上升如此之快通常会增加出现危机的风险。

Williams还说,虽然进行了政策协调,但房价依然坚挺,这加大了外界的担忧,认为中国房地产市场可能正在形成泡沫。

但他表示,如果过于反对开发,中国也可能会面临麻烦。虽然存在房地产泡沫风险,但也有人担心中国经济增速可能过快、过猛下降。由于全球其他国家的经济缺乏拉动中国经济的能量,因此中国必须依靠内需拉动增长。

他说,鉴于中国金融系统目前的状况,想要实现这一目标并不容易。

他说,受到严格管控的金融体系给中国经济的再平衡构成了系统性障碍。他解释说,中国国内金融体系受到抑制压低了利率,限制了居民的投资机会。中国的金融体系更有利于国有企业,阻碍小企业借贷,同时打击创业热情。

Next article:
美航母在中国近海秀肌肉战备状态遏制中国 (12 years ago)

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USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!

In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.

Work for the good of your country and see it rise to an empire.

Activities in this game are divided into several modules. First is the economy as a citizen in a country of your choice you must work to earn money, which you will get to spend for example, on food or purchase of weapons which are critical for your progress as a fighter. You will work in either private companies which are owned by players or government companies which are owned by the state. After progressing in the game you will finally get the opportunity to set up your own business and hire other players. If it prospers, we can even change it into a joint-stock company and enter the stock market and get even more money in this way.


In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.

"E-Sim is one of the most unique browser games out there"

Become an influential politician.

The second module is a politics. Just like in real life politics in E-Sim are an extremely powerful tool that can be used for your own purposes. From time to time there are elections in the game in which you will not only vote, but also have the ability to run for the head of the party you're in. You can also apply for congress, where once elected you will be given the right to vote on laws proposed by your fellow congress members or your president and propose laws yourself. Voting on laws is important for your country as it can shape the lives of those around you. You can also try to become the head of a given party, and even take part in presidential elections and decide on the shape of the foreign policy of a given state (for example, who to declare war on). Career in politics is obviously not easy and in order to succeed in it, you have to have a good plan and compete for the votes of voters.


You can go bankrupt or become a rich man while playing the stock market.

The international war.

The last and probably the most important module is military. In E-Sim, countries are constantly fighting each other for control over territories which in return grant them access to more valuable raw materials. For this purpose, they form alliances, they fight international wars, but they also have to deal with, for example, uprisings in conquered countries or civil wars, which may explode on their territory. You can also take part in these clashes, although you are also given the opportunity to lead a life as a pacifist who focuses on other activities in the game (for example, running a successful newspaper or selling products).


At the auction you can sell or buy your dream inventory.

E-Sim is a unique browser game. Its creators ensured realistic representation of the mechanisms present in the real world and gave all power to the players who shape the image of the virtual Earth according to their own. So come and join them and help your country achieve its full potential.


Invest, produce and sell - be an entrepreneur in E-Sim.


Take part in numerous events for the E-Sim community.


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